Rubber based nanocomposites are attracting considerable interest in polymer science research. Incorporation of different nano reinforcements such as layered silicate clays, carbon nanotubes, nanofibers and silica nanoparticles into elastomers significantly enhances their mechanical, thermal, dynamic mechanical, and barrier properties along with noticeable improvements in adhesion, rheological and processing behavior.

Nanocomposites are composites in which at least one of the phases shows dimensions in the nanometer range. These are high performance materials that exhibit unusual property combinations and unique design possibilities and are thought of as the materials of the 21st century. With an estimated annual growth rate of about 25% and huge demand for engineering polymers, their potential is so promising that they are useful in several applications ranging from packaging to bio-medical.

Polymer generates high performance nano-composites with advanced mechanical and functional properties such as high dielectric permittivity and low percolation threshold have been observed in it. The addition of MWCNTs enhances the Young's modulus, strength, strain failure, toughness, and thermal stability of the MWCNTs polymer nanocomposites and their modified cementitious composites.

Polymer composites containing ferrites are increasingly replacing conventional ceramic magnetic materials because of their mould ability and reduction in cost. They are also potential materials for microwave absorbers, sensors and other aerospace applications. These flexible magnets or rubber ferrite composites are possible by the incorporation of magnetic powders in various elastomer matrices. This modifies the physical properties of the polymer matrix considerably.

Polymer nanocomposites represent a new alternative to conventionally filled polymers. Because of their nanometer sizes, filler dispersion nanocomposites exhibit markedly improved properties when compared to the pure polymers or their traditional composites. These include increased modulus and strength, outstanding barrier properties, improved solvent and heat resistance and decreased flammability.