Graphene is an atomic-Scale honeycomb Lattice made of Carbon atoms. Graphene is undoubtedly emerging as one of the most promising nanomaterials because of its unique combination of novel electronic, optical and mechanical  properties which opens a way for its exploitation in a wide spectrum of applications ranging from electronics to optics,  photonics, composite materials, energy generation, sensors, and biodevices.

Graphene remains capable of conducting electricity even at the limit of nominally zero carrier concentration because the electrons don’t seem to slow down or localize. The electrons moving around carbon atoms interact with the periodic potential of graphene’s honeycomb lattice, which gives rise to new quasi particles that have lost their mass, or rest mass. Graphene never stops conducting and they travel far faster than electrons in other semiconductors.

The most common techniques available for the production of graphene includes: Chemical Vapour Deposition, Micromechanical Cleavage, Epitaxial Growth on SiC Substrates, Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated Graphene Oxide, Liquid Phase Exfoliation of graphite and unzipping of Carbon Nanotubes.

Graphene based nanomaterials have many promising applications in numerous areas: Graphene for energy applications: improves both energy capacity and charge rate in rechargeable batteries, promising approach for making solar cells, promising substrates for catalytic systems, Sensor applications, In flexible, stretchable and foldable electronics,  nanoelectronic applicants, photodetectors, Coatings, drug delivery, bio-imaging, Tissue engineering etc.

Graphene appears to be most effective material for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Graphene conducts heat better than any other known material. Graphene is a disruptive technology, one that could open up new markets and even replace excisting technologies or materials.