protein-a-10-nm-gold-nanoparticles-conjugate-o-d-20:Bio-conjugation is a chemical strategy to form a stable covalent link between two molecules, at least one of which is a biomolecule. Proteins and other biopolymers regulate and perform biological functions by binding to ligands.“Novel functional bio-materials make possible transformative new opportunities to impact society in a beneficial way.”

protein-a-10-nm-gold-nanoparticles-conjugate-o-d-20: Biological systems are at the source of many products designed to improve our lives. Recombinant DNA, for example, which retools molecules from multiple genetic sources for new purposes, has spurred the rise of life-changing therapeutics like unique blood-clotting proteins and synthetic insulin.

protein-a-10-nm-gold-nanoparticles-conjugate-o-d-20: Biomolecules enabled their application to various fields like medicine and materials. Synthetically modified biomolecules can have diverse functionalities, such as tracking cellular events, determining protein biodistribution, revealing enzyme function, imaging specific biomarkers, and delivering drugs to targeted cells. Bioconjugation links biomolecules with different substrates.

protein-a-10-nm-gold-nanoparticles-conjugate-o-d-20: Bioconjugates are coupling of small molecule to a protein, or protein-protein conjugations, such as coupling of an antibody to an enzyme. Various molecules used for bioconjugation are: nucleic acids, oligosaccharides, synthetic polymers such as polyethylene glycol, carbon nano tubes, antibody drug conjugates such as: Brentuximab, Vedotin, Ozogamicin.

protein-a-10-nm-gold-nanoparticles-conjugate-o-d-20: Recently, bio-conjugated QDs have often become inevitable parts of biology and biotechnology for imaging of molecules,cells, tissues and animals. Covalent or noncovalent conjugates of QDs with antibodies, proteins, peptides, aptamers, nucleic acids, small molecules, and liposomes can be considered as bioconjugated QDs, which are extensively used for direct and indirect labeling of extracellular proteins and subcellular organelles. Bioconjugated QDs are ideal substitutes for organic dyes when photostability or multiplexing is a requirement and excitation laser source is a limitation.