Ceria (cerium oxide, CeO2) nano dispersion finds applications in the precision polishing of most semiconductor substrate materials including silicon, sapphire, GaAs, etc. Ceria dispersion has been shown to not only demonstrate tremendous advantages in the planarization process of most semiconductor materials but glassy materials employed in photonic applications as well.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles, properly dispersed in coating formulations using the specific chemistry described previously, combine the advantages of organic ultraviolet (UV) absorbers with those of mineral additives. The cerium oxide nanoparticles ensure the durability of the UV absorption function whilst improving the hardness and strengthening the organic binders currently used in wood technology.

Cerium Nanomaterials have unique regenerative properties owing to their low reduction potential and the coexistence of both Ce(3+)/Ce(4+) on their surfaces. Defects in the crystal lattice due to the presence of Ce(3+) play an important role in tuning the redox activity of Cerium nanomaterials. The surface Ce(3+):Ce(4+) ratio is influenced by the microenvironment. Therefore, the microenvironment and synthesis method adopted also plays an important role in determining the biological activity and toxicity of Cerium nanodispersions.

Cerium oxide nanodispersion is potent antioxidants in cell culture models and has evaluated several therapeutic applications of these dispersions in different biological systems. Knowledge of protein adsorption and cellular uptake will be very useful in improving the beneficial effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles in biology.

Cerium oxide nanodispersion has been found to have both pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant effects on different cell systems or organisms. cerium oxide dispersion are gaining interest in many industrial fields, in plants to increase photosynthesis via suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS); also as an antioxidant, there are a number of reports in biomedicine concerning the protective effects of nanoceria in certain neurological disorders; to provide cells protection from radiation and to be cytotoxic to cancer cells.