Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA)

Dicalcium silicate submicron is accountable for the latter’s strength. It hydrates much more slowly than tricalcium silicate. Belite is the impure form of dicalcium silicate. The impure form of dicalcium silicate is stabilized by foreign ions in solid solution.

Dicalcium silicate liberates silicon ions, which have indispensable roles in skeletal development and repair. It also exhibits excellent bioactivity when employed as a coating material for titanium alloy substrates. The in vitro and in vivo bioactivities and biocompatibilities of such implants increment when they are coated with α-tricalcium phosphate (αTCP) doped with dicalcium silicate.

Dicalcium silicate could be fabricated by distinct methods such as hydrothermal synthesis, plasma spray (on sol-gel coatings), and sol-gel methods. In the sol-gel method reagent grade, tetraethyl orthosilicate and calcium nitrate are used as reactants for SiO₂ and CaO, respectively. 

Dicalcium silicate cement used as a root-end filling material due to it exhibits high apatite-forming activity and low degradation in acidic environments. Regarding its cytotoxicity, dicalcium silicate cement is significantly superior to the traditional root-end filler, MTA. It is also a model system for drug release. Dicalcium silicate cement has ample of biological properties and can be used as a root-end filling and pulp capping material.