Nitrates/Sulphides

Manganese sulfide (MnS) is a wide gap dilute magnetic semiconductor material (Eg = 3.1 eV) that is of potential interest in short wavelength optoelectronic applications such as in solar selective coatings, solar cells, sensors, photoconductors, optical mass memories. Therefore, the knowledge of the optical properties of thin films is of significance for many applications. MnS thin films or powders can be found in several polymorphic forms: the rock-salt type structure (a-MnS) which is the most common form, by low temperature.

Manganese sulfide (MnS) is known for its wide applications in solar cell, opto-electronic devices, and photochemical industries. The effect of biofield energy treatment on the atomic and physical properties of MnS. The XRD data revealed that the biofield energy treatment has altered the lattice parameter, unit cell volume, density, and molecular weight of the treated MnS sample as compared to the control. The crystallite size on various planes was significantly changed from-50.0% to 33.3% in treated sample as compared to the control. Therefore, the biofield energy treated MnS could be applied for the use in solar cell and semiconductor applications.

Manganese sulphide powders, prepared by a sulphur deoxidation of MnSO4, were melted at 1700°C in a graphite crucible, and then solidified into buttons, about 20mm diameter and 15mm long. Several kinds of bulk manganese sulphide with additives were prepared from powder mixtures of MnS and one of Al2O3, SiO2, MnO, CaO, CaS, and FeS. In the temperature range from room temperature to about 1000°C, their microhardness and nominal yield strength were measured and the following results were obtained. Their nominal yield strength varied with temperature from about 9kgf/mm2 at room temperature to about 2kgf/mm2 around 1000°C.(2) Additions of impurities into MnS brought about increases in both hardness and nominal yield strength. The hardening is presumably caused by solid solution of oxygen and calcium.

Semiconductor nanoparticles have been extensively  owing to their potential applications, consequent to their size-dependent optical properties. Among all semiconductor nanoparticles, maganese sulphide is an interesting material with many applications in various fields such as optoelectronics, photocatalysis, solar energy conversion, projection television, fluorescence microscopy etc. This spectacular that nanocrystalline ZnS:Mn2+ systems may form a new class of  luminescent material with applications to displays, lighting and lasers.

Nano powder has many applications in different fields. Ceramics used in nano sized powders are more ductile at elevated temperatures compared to coarse grained ceramics and can be sintered at low temperatures. Nano sized powders of iron and copper have hardness about 4-6 times higher than the bulk materials because bulk materials have dislocations. Nano sized copper and silver are used in conducting ink and polymers. In Magnetic mono domains which increases the coercively compared to large particles these increases the storage capacities of the hard disks in the computers without increasing the physical dimensions. Nano powder has various applications in the pharmaceutical and medical field. Drug delivery has impacted by the advancement in nano powders smaller particles are able to be delivered in new ways to patients, through solutions, oral or injected, and aerosol, inhaler or respirator. New production processes allow for encapsulation of pharmaceutic