Zn nanoparticle dispersion attracts a lot of attention applications in different research areas from physical chemistry to biomedical sciences. Zn dispersion is versatile functional material, and their superior properties find current and potential applications in catalysts, transducers, semiconductors, microelectronics, textile, cosmetics, water treatment, etc. Additionally, ZnO NPs exhibit antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammation properties, providing more efficient, less expensive, and less toxic alternatives to antibiotics and bactericides.

Zn belongs to the class of metal oxides, which is characterized by photocatalytic and photo-oxidizing capacity against chemical and biological species. Zn nanoparticle dispersion is formed when soluble in water, and the bulk form is widely used as an additive in rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, and first-aid tapes. When ZnO dimensions shrink in the nanodomain the material gains new and remarkable physical, antimicrobial and optoelectronic properties that can be useful for electronic, sensoring and biosensors, spintronic, piezoelectric applications.

Zn nanoparticle dispersion is more active against gram-positive bacteria relative to other NPs of the same group of elements. Ready to eat food is more prone to infection by Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli which pose a great challenge to food safety and quality. The antimicrobial compounds are incorporated in the packed food to prevent them from damage.

Zn nanoparticle dispersion is an essential ingredient of many enzymes, sunscreens, and ointments for pain and itch relief. Its microcrystals are very efficient light absorbers in the UVA and UVB region of spectra due to wide-bandgap. The impact of zinc oxide on biological functions depends on its morphology, particle size, exposure time, concentration, pH, and biocompatibility.